Cardiac catheterization, also known as coronary angiogram, is an invasive imaging-based procedure carried out to examine heart function. It is generally used to diagnose a heart disorder. This diagnostic procedure is often performed after a heart attack to help doctors look for signs of heart disease. Healthcare professionals have also been known to use cardiac catheterization to ascertain the condition of the heart before any surgery related to the heart.

A fistula develops when there is an abnormal passageway between two organs that are not usually connected. It generally develops between one of the intestines and the nearby skin, between the rectum and the vagina, and in other nearby organs. While the causes of a fistula depend on its type, they are usually associated with inflammatory conditions such as Crohn’s disease.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a condition in which one’s arteries narrow down, reducing the blood flow to the arms and legs. As a result, one may have severe leg pain while walking and, at advanced stages, may experience restricted mobility. Early diagnosis of peripheral artery disease can help treat it on time and control its symptoms.

A prostate is a small walnut-sized gland in the male reproductive system. It can be affected by conditions like non-bacterial and bacterial proctitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and cancer, which are common among men over 55. Many of these conditions have a good prognosis when diagnosed early and managed by prostate specialists, such as urologists or oncologists.

When dealing with blocked arteries or other heart issues, one might have to undergo a few procedures to get diagnosed and treated. Here, an angiogram and angioplasty are the commonly recommended next steps. An angiogram (or angiography) uses contrast agents and imaging scans to diagnose a condition, whereas an angioplasty treats arterial plaque buildup and other heart conditions.

When a nerve in the body is under pressure, it triggers a tingling sensation in the arms, hands, and feet. This sensation, widely referred to as pins and needles, is actually called paresthesia. While paresthesia often goes away on its own, sometimes, it can become a chronic condition due to nutritional deficiencies and certain neurological conditions.

Eye surgery, also called ophthalmological or ocular surgery, is often necessary to correct refractive errors and treat conditions like cataracts and glaucoma. LASIK, one of the most popular forms of eye surgery, involves using a laser to change the cornea’s shape and improve vision. Given the precision and cutting-edge technology required in such procedures, one must exercise caution when choosing an eye surgery clinic.

Osteoporosis is a bone-thinning condition, which can manifest as debilitating fractures, affecting mainly the spine, wrist and hip. The disease often occurs in women, but men may also be affected. As per estimated reports, 10 million people in the United States, (8 million women and 2 million men), are already suffering from the condition, while around 34 million are placed at high risk of suffering from osteoporosis due to thinning bone mass (osteopenia).